Periodontal Scaling & Root Planing

The objective of scaling and root planing is to remove caustive agents which cause inflammation to the gingival (gum) tissue and surrounding bone.  The most common causitve agents removed by this conventional periodontal therapy include dental plaque and tartar (calculus). Note that plaque forms in only24 hours and calculus shortly thereafter, so you must remove the plaque EVERY DAY.

The non-surgical procedures which cleanse the root, work very effectively for individuals suffering from gingivitis (mild gum inflammation) and moderate/severe periodontal disease.

Reasons for scaling and root planing  

Here are some reasons why these dental procedures may be necessary:

• Disease prevention – The oral bacteria which cause periodontal infections can travel via the bloodstream to other parts of the body.  Research has shown that lung infections and heart disease have been linked to periodontal bacteria.  Scaling and root planing remove bacteria and slows periodontal disease from progressing, thus preventing the bacteria from traveling to other parts of the body.
  
  
• Tooth protection – When gum pockets exceed 3mm in depth, there is a greater risk of periodontal disease.  As pockets deepen, they tend to house more colonies of dangerous bacteria.  Eventually, a chronic inflammatory response by the body begins to destroy gingival and bone tissue which may lead to tooth loss.  Periodontal disease is the number one cause of tooth loss in the developed world.
  
  
• Aesthetic effects – Scaling and root planing help remove tartar and plaque from the teeth and below the gumline.  As an added bonus, if superficial stains are present on the teeth, they will be removed in the process of the scaling and root planing procedure.  
  
  
• Better breath – One of the most common signs of periodontal disease is halitosis (bad breath).  Food particles and bacteria can cause a persistent bad odor in the oral cavity which is alleviated with cleaning procedures such as scaling and root planing.

What do scaling and root planing treatments involve?

Scaling and root planing treatments are only performed after a thorough examination of the mouth.  The dentist will take X-rays, conduct visual examinations and measure the depth of disease spread with a measuring device called a periodontal probe and make a diagnosis before recommending or beginning these procedures.

Depending on the current condition of the gums, the amount of calculus (tartar) present, the depth of the pockets and the progression of the periodontitis, local anesthetic may be used.

Scaling – This procedure is usually performed with special dental instruments and may include an ultrasonic scaling tool.  The scaling tool removes calculus and plaque from the surface of the crown and root surfaces.  

Root Planing – This procedure is a specific treatment which serves to remove embedded unwanted microorganisms, toxins and tartar from the root. 

Following these deep cleaning procedures, the gum pockets may be treated with antibiotics.  This will soothe irritation and help the gum tissues to heal quickly.

During the follow-up appointment 2 to 6 weeks later, the dentist or hygienist will thoroughly examine the gums again to see how well the pockets have healed.  If the gum pockets measured are still deep and/or bleeding, additional and more intensive treatments may be recommended.

If you have any concerns or questions about scaling and root planing, or periodontal disease, please ask your dentist.